Helminthiases are one of the most common diseases among children and adults.In the human body, various types of worms can parasitize.There is an opinion far from medicine that helminths affect only the digestive tract, in fact, worms can parasitize in almost all internal organs - liver, lungs, heart, brain brain, as well as in muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue and eye.The article refers to what worms a person has.
Classification
There are a huge number of helminths that can hit a person, below are the most common of them.Most of the worms belong to any of the 3 groups-trematodes, cestodes or nematodes.
Trematodes are a class of parasitic worms of a flat shape, about 40 types of worms that amaze a person is known.The most common:
- cat or Siberian bicarry (causes opisthorchosis);
- Schistosomes (causes schistosomosis).
Cestodes are ribbon flat worms.Representatives of the cestodes do not have a digestive system.Most often, a person is amazed:
- bull tapeworm (causes tusinchosis);
- pork tapeworm (causes cystiscosis);
- Echinococcus (causes echinococcosis).
Nematodes are round worms, primary crap.Common helminths that affect the person:
- pinworms;
- Askarides;
- Vlashev.
Worms in humans are symptoms in the photo (most helminths affect the gastrointestinal tract, hence nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, intestinal obstruction, causeless weight loss, lack of appetite or excessive hunger):
Koshachi or Siberian bicarry
Koshachi or Siberian bicarry - a small parasite of lanceolate from a group of liver suckers.The causative agent of the disease opisthorkhoz.In the length of the feline bicarry, it reaches 8-18 millimeters, in width-1.2-2 mm.The parasite develops in the organisms of the two owners - intermediate and final.The intermediate host is mollusks and carp fish, the final is a person.
Together with the feces of infected people and animals, eggs fall into fresh reservoirs, there they swallow mollusks.In the body of the mollusk, the eggs reach the invasive stage - cervicals, cervicals leave Molluska and are introduced into the body of carp fish, or enter their organisms when mollusks are eating fish.In the body of Pisces, the parasite develops to a meter in cysts, its dimensions reach 0.17-0.21 mm.
When eating, an infected fish is infected by a person, cysts leave the meter in his body, they pass from the stomach and intestines to the liver and bile ducts.In these organs, they remain parasitized, and after 10-12 days they reach the sexually mature stage, begin to lay eggs.In the human body, a cat's two-year-old can parasitize up to 10-20 years.
Schistosomes
Schistosomes are blood saucers.This is a flat separate helminths, reaches 4-20 millimeters in length, 0.25 mm in width.The body of the schistosome is equipped with the 2nd suction cups-oral and abdominal, they are located near each other.Schistosoma females are longer and thinner than males.There is a longitudinal groove on the male body, with it, he holds the female.Their eggs with a diameter of 0.1 mm, oval shape, on the surface of one of the poles are a large spike.
The human worms of the schistosomes in the role of the final owner choose people, in their organisms they parasitize in small veins of the colon, abdominal cavity, uterus, bladder.Worms feed on blood, partially absorb nutrients through the cuticle.Schistosomes are transported to the intestines and bladder, where they ripen and stand out with feces or urine.In freshwater waters, a larva comes out of the eggs, its intermediate host is mollusk.In the body of mollusk, meta ceriacaria develops to curials in 4-8 weeks.
Bull Taper
Bull chain is a strip parasite that causes a teeniarinchosis disease.These are huge helminths that can grow up to 3-12 meters in length.On the body of the parasite is a small head with a diameter of up to 3 mm, a neck, as well as about 1000 segments.After entering the human body, along with the unprocessed thermally infected meat, the soliter is attached to the intestinal walls with 4 suction cups.
In hermaphrodite segments, helminth eggs are laid, annually one individual lays up to 600 million eggs.Such helminths in humans are parasite in the intestines of 20 years or more, if there is no timely treatment.
Pork tapeworm
The pork tapeworm, like the bull, on the body has 4 suction cups, but in addition to this, the body of the helminth is also equipped with a double whisk of hooks.Reaches two to three meters in length.The pork tapeworm has a three -doped ovary, on each side the uterus has from 7 to 12 branches.A characteristic feature of this helminth is the ability of segments to crawl out of the anus.After the exit to the outside, their shell becomes dry and bursts, so helminth eggs enter the external environment.The intermediate master of the tapeworm can be pigs and a person.
The main owner is a person.The intestinal parasites in humans include pork tapeworm, helminths are located in the patient’s intestines, where he lays his eggs.Infection occurs when invasive meat is used.
Echinococcus
The causative agent of echinococcosis reaches 3-5 millimeters in length.It consists of a head, on which there are four suction cups and two holes of hooks, and three - four segments.The last of the segments has a developed reproductive system.The intermediate host is livestock or a person, the final owner is dogs, wolves.Infection occurs as oral route.
Echinococcus enters the intestines, where larvae come out of the eggs.With the help of hooks, the larvae penetrate the system of the gate vein, from where, together with the blood, they spread into the liver, light, muscle tissue.
Speakers
Tips - round worms, pathogens of enterobiosis, the so -called disease of dirty hands.To a greater extent, children's infection are subject to children.Infection occurs as oral and contact-household way.You can find these worms in feces.
Females of the Helminants of the genus of the pinworms reach 5-10 mm in length, males-3 millimeters.The shape of the body for pinworms is spindle-shaped milky white.The end of the body in females is slightly pointed.Adult worms parasitize in the lower parts of the small and large intestines of a person, attaching to the wall with the help of the head vesicles.In order to lay eggs, females of pinworms go into the rectum, crawl out and lay eggs in the anus area, then die.Delayed eggs become invasive after 4-6 hours.The life expectancy of pinworms - one - two months.
Askarids
Askarides are another representatives of the class of round worms - parasites, pathogens of ascariasis.These helminths are yellowish - pink, have an elongated spindle of the figurative shape, separately.The females of the ascaride grow to 20-40 centimeters, the males reach a length of 15-25 centimeters.Every day, an adult female ascarida lays more than 200 thousand eggs, which, together with human feces, stand out into the external environment, where after 12-14 days they become invasive.
The human body is parasitized in the gastrointestinal tract, localized mainly in the small intestine.A full development cycle from an invasive egg to a mature stage takes about 3 months.
Vlashev
Vlasodgov - round helminths that cause trichocephalosis.Helminants are a thin brown nematode with a thin filamentary front and rounded rear end.Females of the Blazo-head grow up to 3.5-5.5 centimeters, and males-up to 3-4.5 centimeters.The larvae of the worms of a person are localized in the cecum, where they parasitize to the stage of puberty, and the eggs are also laid there.With massive invasion, helminths can also occupy the large intestine, including the rectum.
Each day, the females of the Blazo -head lay 3,5 thousand eggs.Helmint eggs have a barrel -shaped shape, covered with a thick brown shell, colorless “lids” are located at the poles.Eggs fall into the soil along with the bowel movements of the main owner, in the presence of favorable conditions, they can maintain invasion properties up to two years.The duration of parasitization in the human intestines is 5-7 years.